The Character of Othello Essay - 2144 Words

The Character of Othello Shakespeares Othello is not simply a play which embodies the conflict between insider and outsider. The paradigm of otherness presented in this play is more complicated than the conclusion, Othello is different; therefore, he is bad. Othellos character is to be revered. He is a champion among warriors; an advisor among councilmen; a Moor among Venetians. Yes, Othello is a Moor, but within the initial configuration of the play, this fact is almost irrelevant. His difference is not constructed as â€Å"otherness.† Othello, by his nature, is not an â€Å"otherized† character. Besides being the dark-skinned Moor, Othello varies in no real way from the other characters in the play. Further, Othello and Iago can†¦show more content†¦In Shakespeare’s tragedy of Othello, we see Othello move through a character progression as he becomes consumed with Iago’s connivings and fabrications. He is introduced as a tragic hero whose stories of hardships endeared h im not only to his new bride but his new father-in-law as well. Even Brabantio who throws many slanderous insinuations of Othello’s use of witchcraft and drugs to seduce Desdemona into his â€Å"cunning hell,† (1.3.102) was once charmed and by this simple man who bows to his reputation in the face of a character challenge. â€Å"Her father loved me; oft invited me . . ./Still questioned me the story of my life/From year to year, the battle, sieges, fortune/That I have passed.† (I.iii.127-30) The affliction of Othello’s character is furthered by Iago’s emphasis upon Othello’s simplicity and honesty which is sharply contrasted with Iago’s skillfully-crafted towers of lies and bejeweled misrepresentations. Othello may be a simple man with rude speech and strong arms, but he has been engaged in redeemable pursuits for Venice for the past seven years. Despite the rumblings of animalism and witchcraft that may be connected to his black skin, these are no more than rumors and hearsay. Those in power, like the Duke of Venice, know and attest to Othellos true nature, as he comments, â€Å"If virtue no delighted beauty lack,/Your son-in-law is far more fair than black.† (I.iii.284). Othellos character is spotless although his skin is not. EvenShow MoreRelatedCharacter Analysis : Othello 1255 Words   |  6 PagesPavle Burazor Ms. Ã…  kiljević ENG3U1 06-Jan-2015 Character Flaws in Othello The play Othello bears great similarity to that of the Greek myth of Sisyphus, the king of Ephyra; where Sisyphus was sentenced to forever push a boulder up a hill. This makes resemblances the climb to a climax and the fall, with three main characters, each pushing a boulder up a hill; Othello one of trust, Iago one of manipulation and Roderigo pushing one of foolishness. When they finally reach the top of the hill it beginsRead MoreOthello Character Analysis1555 Words   |  7 Pagesinherent weakness lies in his linguistic capabilities, the very same capabilities Othello uses to win over Desdemona, and to defend himself during his trial in front of the duke. In Smith’s reading, Othello only reverts to his barbarian state when experiencing extreme pressure, as he lacks the other means to express the futility of what is felt, which results in violence. However, when a closer look is taken at what Othello knows about the culture he has tried to hard to assimilate to, it can be seenRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Othello1235 Words   |  5 PagesOthello is not just about one tragedy but several tragedies of suffering and injustice. The play ends in fatalities and heartbreak from the consequences of jealousy and racism. Othello is a well-respected military man who does not let race stand in the way of earning his reputable status and attention of beautiful Desdemona. But, when the seed of jealous is planted, Othello becomes easily manipulated into believing false accusations because of his own personal insecurities. He becomes a menace toRead MoreOthello Character Analysis905 Words   |  4 Pages1. Throughout the drama, â€Å"The Tragedy of Othello†, Iago successfully manipulates Cassio various times. In the writing, Shakespeare creates Iago’s plan to demote Cassio from being Othello’s lieutenant, the role Iago dreamt of, by tricking Cassio to get drunk so that he will raise chaos and result in Cassio being demoted. This worked out f or Iago when Cassio accepts Iago’s encouraging words and began to drink heavily, this would result in Cassio ultimately fighting and stabbing Montano in a drunkenRead MoreOthello Character Analysis1678 Words   |  7 Pagesmasterpieces and tragedies such as Hamlet, Othello, Macbeth, King Lear and Romeo and Juliet caused a remarkable turning point in English literature as whole, and English drama in particular.His play Othellois one of his unforgettable tragedies. The play of Othello is the finest example of Shakespeare’s poetic and narrative style. Thus, Shakespeare is known as the most influential dramatist whose tragedies found the way to interact with the audience.Shakespeare’s Othello is about jealousy, revenge and deceptionRead MoreOthello Character Analysis1562 Words   |  7 PagesCompare the roles and functions of the female characters in Othello. Othello by William Shakespeare is set in 16th century Renaissance Venice before transitioning to the island of Cyprus. It follows the relationship between the black Venetian general and â€Å"valiant Moor† Othello and his new wife Desdemona, the daughter of an important Venetian senator. Throughout the play, we encounter three main female characters; Cassio’s mistress Bianca, Othello’s wife Desdemona as well as her maid and Iago wifeRead MoreOthello Character Analysis1076 Words   |  5 PagesThe Mediterranean Sea of Jealousy Harriet Williams delves into the waters of jealousy and deceit in Oliver Parker’s Othello. Adapting Shakespeare for the screen can be problematic, as Oliver Parker discovered with his 1995 directing debut, Othello. I sat down with Oliver Parker, to discuss the challenge of portraying the actions of a noble Moor who brutally sacrifices his beloved wife over a strategically placed handkerchief. The characterisation of Iago, whose evil maneuverings create an irrevocableRead MoreOthello Character Essay1510 Words   |  7 PagesShakespeare’s Othello Character Discussion Katie Olszewski Othello is a playwright by William Shakespeare. In Othello, a black man named Othello has married the daughter of a Venetian government official, Desdemona. After their marriage Othello is sent to Cyprus to battle the Turks. Fortunately for, the Turks were drowned at sea and no battle took place. Iago was Othello’s flag carrier and thought that his rank should be higher. So Iago plotted to ruin Othello’s life and it startedRead MoreOthello Character Analysis1378 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s play â€Å"Othello† like most of his plays is about the premature death of a character who may or may not be considered a tragic hero. Othello, the Moor of Venice, follows him, his wife Desdemona, Cassio, and the main protagonist Iago through a series of unfortunate events that are supposed to be about jealousy between coveting a boss’s wife and a job promotion. The story turns to Iago when he turns into a commanding force that dishevels every ch aracter in the play. This is all doneRead MoreOthello Character Analysis1241 Words   |  5 PagesOthello, a play written in the setting of Venice City during a period of war between Venice and Turkey in the 16 century is one of the numerous William Shakespeare’s plays. Othello a middle-aged black moor who is also a general in the defense forces marries Desdemona, a white aristocratic lady against the wishes of her father. Their love, however, does not have the happily ever after ending due to the manipulations, deceptions, and scheming of Iago who is driven by revenge and selfish ambitions.

Transferable Skills Development - 13058 Words

Transferable Skills Development MGT 495 Instructor: Prof. Dr. Mohammad Majid Mahmood Bagram LECTURE-1 Course Description: †¢ This course on Transferable Skills Development uses a unique three-pronged approach - theory, application, and skill development - to make key concepts relevant to todays students. †¢ The course combines traditional theory with cutting-edge today`s Transferable Skills Development issues Challenges that focuses on key elements. †¢ Packed with real-world examples, the course illustrates how successful managers deal with challenges, as well as provides students with step-by-step guidelines for effectively handling skills development functions. †¢ Experiential†¦show more content†¦Conflict management avoids conflicts to a great extent and thus also reduces the stress and tensions of the employees. No one likes to carry his tensions back home and if you fight with your colleagues and other people, you are bound to feel uncomfortable and restless even at home. Conflict management also plays an important role in our personal lives. Tussles and fights spoil relationships and only increase our list of enemies. Everyone needs friends who will stand by us when we need them. Conflict must be avoided at homes as it spoils the ambience and spreads negativity. Individuals tend to disrespect others as a result of conflicts. Conflict management prevents fall out between family members, friends, relatives and makes life peaceful and stress free. Blame game never helps anyone, instead it makes life miserable. No idea can ever be implemented if the individuals fight among themselves. Conflict management helps to find a middle way, an alternative to any problem and successful implementation of the idea. Problems must be addressed at the right time to prevent conflict and its adverse effects at a later stage. Through conflict management skills, an individual explores all the possible reasons to worry which might later lead to a big problem and tries to resolve it as soon as possible. Conflict Management is very important because it is always wise to prevent a fight at theShow MoreRelatedTransferable Skills in workplace1508 Words   |  7 PagesTransferable Skills in Workplace Introduction As a student, it never too soon to look at the job market in which you will be operating as a job seeker, and at what can help you to maximize the chance of having a profitable job. To be attractive to the employer is that students have to acquire during the school time. Nowadays, there have been many researches on employability, which is generally regarded as a broader concept of skills in the workplace. According to the definition given by the HigherRead MoreTransferable Skills1385 Words   |  6 PagesWhat are Transferable Skills? We all have â€Å"learned† abilities and â€Å"natural† abilities. Learned abilities are our skills and natural abilities are our talents. So what are Transferable skills or job-related skills? Simply put, transferable skills are the skills and abilities you have acquired during any activity in your life – your jobs, classes, projects, volunteer work, parenting, hobbies, sports, virtually anything – that are applicable to what you want to do in your next job. Learned abilitiesRead MoreSelf Evaluation, Employability Transferrable Skills1739 Words   |  7 PagesCoursework Header Sheet197958-4 | | Course | BUSI1312: PPD1: Study Skills amp; Self Eval | Course School/Level | BU/UG | Coursework | Assignment 1 - Initial Report | Assessment Weight | 10.00% | Tutor | CR Umney | Submission Deadline | 09/11/2012 | Coursework is receipted on the understanding that it is the student s own work and that it has not, in whole or part, been presented elsewhere for assessment. Where material has been used from other sources it has been properly acknowledgedRead MoreEvaluation Of A Research Study1527 Words   |  7 Pageswhen assigning the projects. The survey included a relevance scale from 1-7, 1 being extremely irrelevant and 7 being extremely relevant, subsequently the participants were asked as to why they rated the sample assignment the way they did and how the skills may benefit their future employability. Procedure The seminar leaders gave the students a survey link and a time frame of a week to complete the online survey. The online survey was broken into four sections, the first section’s data was used toRead MoreEssay on Key Aspects of Training and Development1569 Words   |  7 PagesKey Aspects of Training and Development In this section I will be identifying the key aspects of training and development programme an explanation of how this is an importance to Southgate college. Training development Development involves helping an individual to realise his or her potential. This concerns general growth, and is not related specifically to the employees existing post. The term training means the gaining of a particular set of knowledge Read MoreProfessional Development Plan Essay1171 Words   |  5 PagesProgram of Study and Professional Development Plan Walden University NURS 6000-8, Success Strategies in the Masters of Science Program in Nursing March 4, 2012 Program of Study and Professional Plan The purpose of this assignment is to develop my own personal plan to meet my educational goals at Walden University. It also allows me to begin a dialog with my instructor about my interests and goals and to give a background of my educational and professional experience. PersonalRead MoreEvaluate a Range of Ways to Embed Elements of Functional Skills in Your Specialist Area.625 Words   |  3 PagesEvaluate a range of ways to embed elements of functional skills in your specialist area. Nic Shaw Word Count 558 Functional skills are defined as ‘practical skills in English, information and communication technology (ICT) and mathematics that allow individuals to work confidently, effectively and independently in life.’ (The Qualifications and Curriculum Development Agency, 2010). These skills are often termed ‘transferable skills’ as they can be applied (or transferred) to different situations/contextsRead MoreCareer Plan For A Career Development Plan1228 Words   |  5 Pages Career Development Plan Vivian Morgan A career development plan will help you improve or maintain your current level of success and prepare for future opportunities. The career development plan will aid in enhancing my personal growth and heighten my career development. 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It is just as valuable for students to get involved in student support programs and extracurricular activities such as internships, community involvement and leaderships. The reason why it s important for students to get involved is so they can apply what they learn in the classroom into practice, gain social skills, develop leadership skills and learn time management skills. Moreover, what make it more respected is the skills gained

Leadership and professional issues Free Essays

string(106) " intensive care units because of its inarguable role in reducing the prevalence of nosocomial infections\." Introduction In this era health care industry is booming out the shell. Most of the organizations focus on providing high quality care to patients by insisting changes according to nouveau. Hence, every organization requires an efficient leader for achieving likely hood of success in the delivery of standard care. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership and professional issues or any similar topic only for you Order Now The leader should have certain skills and qualities for the productive implementation and management of a change. So this activity discusses the leadership qualities, skills, theories, vision, values, and beliefs that are needed for effective leadership to implement a proposed change of â€Å"Introduction of an alcohol based hand rub to reduce nosocomial infections in intensive care unit. Moreover, this paper discusses the factors that can influence the leadership style and strategies for the implementation and identifies pertinent problems that can occur during the process of change introduction. In addition, the barriers of intended implementation of change, role of partnership working and stakeholders are briefly explained in this coursework folder. Also it reveals the role of leadership to resolve the associated problems during the implementation of proposed change. Democratic leadership style is adopted for the successful implementation of the intended change. Lewin’s three step change management model and SWOT analysis is also chosen in this dissertation for guidance in managing and implementing this radical change. Leadership and Influencing Practice In fact, Leadership is the supervision or direction of a group of people towards a meticulous idea and it comprises one leader who led a group by providing information and inspiration. According to the view of Wright (1989), Leadership is the ability to recognize a goal, come up with a strategy for achieving that goal and motivate the team and putting the strategy to action. Meanwhile, Zilembo and Monterosso (2008) illustrated that leadership is discriminated by the interconnections between people, their relationships and influence. Ideally a leader tries to influence his acolytes for achieving the goal of organization. Ellis and Abbott (2010) also stated that leadership is a social process and one individual persuades the behavior of group members without the use of threats or aggression. In other words, leadership is discovering the route forward and stirring others to follow. A good leader has the ability to manage and to preserve the present while planning the future (Nazarko, 2007). Similarly, a clinical leader is directly involved in clinical care that incessantly improves the care through persuading others (Stanley, 2006). Additionally, it is an ability of supporting the people towards introverted goals and allowing them to take invention to attain that goal. The impact of leadership is to enhance the sense of fortitude, team cohesiveness and competency of individuals for the successful execution of a new change. Koch (2007, p.448) stated that in this contemporary world leadership is a central component which conduce the individuals, groups, organizations, regions, states and even nations to perform in an efficient manner. The main attribute of leadership is to exhort others or incite by words to perpetrate a common task. The process of leadership comprises of various characteristics. The leadership process involves five interwoven aspects: the leade r, the follower, the situation, the communication process and the goals (Huber, p.8). Identified organization Hospitals are composite organisational systems whose primary intention to deliver clinical care to individual patients (Dijkstra et al. 2006). There are formal as well as informal sub systems, in which here I am choosing intensive care units for the introduction of identified change. The intensive care units provide intensive care to patients in hospitals. In reality, the intensive care units are initiated by Florence Nightingale in 1854 for treating seriously injured soldiers (Neuhauser, 2003). Now, most of the hospitals contain intensive care units for handling serious clients. It also divided in to different departments according to the condition or disease of patient like cardiac, nephrology, neurology, etc. In everywhere, nosocomial infections are the major threat of patients in intensive care unit. Poor hand hygiene and inadequate disinfection methods are the main reasons for transmission of nosocomial infections. So, it is essential to introduce a change in the use of hand rub s for the delivery of quality care. The need for change Patient safety is of high utility and is a critical problem that hospitals are facing these days thus, it is imperative to improve quality and safety in health care. A change has been identified in order to diminish the risk of infection in health care domains especially in critical care units. Nosocomial infections are a major risk to patients in intensive care unit. The major reason in the transmission of these organisms is poor hand hygiene. Indeed, hand hygiene is one of the most imperative components in the prevention of nosocomial infection. This change has been elected in order to reduce the jeopardy of infection in health care domains especially in intensive care units. The intended change identified for current practice is introduction of an alcohol based hand rub to reduce nosocomial infections in intensive care unit. Certainly, hand washing plays an important role in hospital infection control, especially in intensive care unit. Hence, introduction of alcohol based hand rub is very essential to reduce the transmission of infected bacteria and in order to increase the quality of patient care. In intensive care domains, skin irritation from frequent washing, reduced time due to high workload and simply forgetting are the main reasons for poor hand hygiene. According to Brown et al. (2003) alcohol based hand rubs provides excellent rapid killing of virus and bacteria. Moreover, it shows significant increases in compliance with hand hygiene with associated decrease in the rate of nosocomial infection. Mody et al. (2003) also agreed that hand antisepsis is the most effectual and least expensive measure to avert transmission of nosocomial infections. It also seems that alcohol based hand rub is faster, more convenient, and less drying method of hand hygiene. The evidence of Kaier et al. (2009) and Sam uel et al. (2005) strongly recommend the disinfection of hands with alcohol based hand rub in intensive care units because of its inarguable role in reducing the prevalence of nosocomial infections. You read "Leadership and professional issues" in category "Essay examples" Leadership style Indeed, an effective leader makes structure, implement processes for nursing care and facilitate optimistic outcomes. The selection of relevant leadership style also part of characteristics of a good leader. These styles are helpful in providing direction for motivating people to practice the intended change. Fleming (2004, p.10) stated that leadership style is contingent on a combination of three factors, namely, the leaders, the supporters and the circumstances. Leadership style gives direction in executing plans and inspiring the people. There are four characteristics of leadership styles that can be identified such as production centered or task oriented leadership, person oriented or person centered leadership, authoritarian or autocratic leadership and participative or democratic leadership. To implement the proposed change democratic or participative leadership is advantageous because this particular style tends to generate cooperation and collaboration which aids in reducin g the interpersonal conflicts. In democratic or participative leadership, the leader shares decision making regarding group activities with subordinates (Fleming, 2004). In one of the studies Sims (2009) point out that following participative leadership, the followers endorsed input into decision making and problem solving. Vesterinen (2009) pointed out that the democratic leaders permitted the group members to plan and do their work themselves, so they more engaged in their work. Moreover, the leaders believe their employees and discuss their work together. According to Kenmore (2008), one of the additional benefits of democratic style is developing the employee commitment and creating the ideas. On top of it, by following democratic style, the leaders describe the limits of task and what is required however they allow the team members as more responsible to decide how can achieve the task( Ellis and Abbot 2010). But in contrast Greenfield (2007) highlighted that the particular form of style is time consuming and in certain cases the leader has been willing to presume control. Qualities of an efficient leader Leadership implies numerous enduring characteristics that are imperative for influencing others and to make considerable contributions in an organization (Girvin,1998).Therefore, by following good leadership the leader must have certain qualities (Sims, 2009). In context to the proposed change leadership qualities play a pivotal role in the successful accomplishment of a task. A high-quality leader should know what they want to achieve, care about the organization or team, and act morally and with modesty (Ellis and Abbott, 2010). According to Rigolosi (2005) the qualities of leadership are: good communication skills, inter personal relationship, reliability, inspiration, recognition of goals, articulating vision and proper knowledge. In addition, he or she should work constantly with honesty, should be able to get team members to share their goals and always focus on the team members. These qualities are crucial for overcoming resistance and for the implementation of a planned chang e. There are other characteristics that involves in a good leadership. Since, leadership skills like communication skills, management skills and patient care skills play an important role in a good leadership and it help to manage the situations (Grossman, 2007); a leader should be a good communicator. Good communication will helps to bring eloquence to a situation and they can well communicate with their team members. For the introduction of alcohol based hand rub, leader should be eager to share their knowledge as well as collaborate with team members. As well an effective leader should be able to create a healthy work environment and encourage the nurses to interact with others. Also, leader should have self-awareness and good listening skills and should be flexible and assist followers to develop their practices. Eventually, he has to act as a mentor and identifies their own strength and weakness. Leadership skills and competencies are also obliging in bridging the gap between the visions and reality. Sylvie et al. (2007, p.30) concluded that leadership skills are essential in executing the plans into realities and the fundamental skills required in leadership are: communication and listening skills, coaching, empowerment, decisiveness, delegation, assertiveness, problem solving, conflict management, goal settings and negotiation skills. These qualities and skills of leadership consist of high values that can help to sort out the issues that may arise while executing a change of alcohol hand rub introduction. Theories and traits of Leadership According to Sims (2009) there are several theories includes in leadership such as trait theory, behavior theory, task oriented, relationship oriented, transactional, transformational, afflictive and coaching. To bring resilience and to provide direction throughout the change process â€Å"The Kurt Lewin change theory model† will be used. According to Beverland and Lindgreen (2007) this model characterises change as a condition of disparity among driving forces (insists for change) and restraining forces (insists against change). A force-field analysis is to be done to assess the driving and restraining forces. Kassean and Jagoo (2005) described that Lewin’s model comprises of three phases namely: unfreezing, movement and refreezing. Implementation of change In unfreezing stage people are motivated to bring alcohol hand rub in the current practice, by assisting them in identifying the requirement for change. In this phase the team members can be motivated to accept the anticipated change by making enhancing awareness about the strengths of the proposed change and the weaknesses of the current practice. During the movement stage new alternative approaches are used by substituting to the older attitudes, values and behaviours. Where as in moving stage the change is plan in detail and then instigate. This stage includes health educational classes, demonstration of hand washing methods, training programs and wide consultations from multi disciplinary team involves internal and external stake holders. Moreover, each stakeholder plays an important role in planning of a new change. Before the implementation of change it is necessary to scrutinize the availability of resources, cost for new disinfectant (alcohol based hand rub). A complete plan of introduction of new hand rub measures for health care givers can be discussed with the chosen external stakeholders. Whilst, in the final phase of this model that is refreezing phase the incumbent attitudes, values and behaviours are ascertained as a latest status quo. In refreezing the change is stabilized at the new level within the organization. In this phase the nurses are given the opportunity to thrive and take advantage of the alterations made. As well the leader assists with preservation and evaluation because functions stabilize and the change is included into the systems. In this final phase the traditional practice of poor hand washing will completely remove from the intensive care unit and the change of hand rubbing with alcohol based solution begins to practice. Overall, these phases of the Lewin’s model provide guidance about influencing other people and how to make the implemented change as a standard change. SWOT analysis Certain logistical impediments might arise while working towards the accomplishment of the proposed change. To avoid the adversities in the implementation of a sustained change it is essential to identify the probable hindering factors by using various leadership skills juxtaposed with leadership strategies. Subsequently, the recognized factors must be discussed with the other group members. To formulate strategies accordingly SWOT analysis will be performed. Houben et al. (1999) evaluated that the recognition of SWOT (strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats) is beneficial to focus on strategies for change. The relevant interlocking issues which seem to hamper the attainment of this change are inertia of preceding practice, lack of interest, lack of decentralization of information and cost of alcohol hand rubs. To subdue these obstructing factors it is important to establish a sense of importance, make vision, coalition to direct the change, conquer resistance to change and th en the work must be initiated for the successful accomplishment of a task. Factors influencing leadership In general, there are some factors, which influence the leadership style such as earlier superiors, values, information, collaboration and education (Vesterinen, 2009). The earlier superiors persuade the leadership in two ways. Some leaders may follow the superior’s behavior as a stimulating example, where as others avoid some habits of their earlier superiors. Furthermore, values of the organization can affect the leadership styles for the introduction of new hand rub methods. Communication problems also have the negative outcome on change implementation in intensive care units. Other factors will be collaboration and co-operation with colleagues. Additionally, education also will affect the leader’s thoughts and opinions regarding the introduction of innovation. It supports the leaders by offering tools to assess their own leadership from diverse point of views. Role of partnership working In addition, partnership working is very important in implementation of proposed change to attain a successful implemented change. The implementation of alcohol hand rub can include stakeholders like hospital management, physicians, and consultants, other paramedical staff and external stakeholders. Carroll and Edmondson (2002) concluded that executives have to eloquent a convincing vision of a learning culture that assisted stakeholders to perceive savings as supportive common goals. Lammon et al. (2010) affirmed that effective partnership engrosses shared responsibility for improving patient outcomes. So the leader must joint involve to the partnership through shared knowledge, property, assets, activities and meetings. According to Stanley (2007) generating an effective partnership between organizations should make a new or diverse way of working together.. Besides, each stakeholder plays important role in anticipated change into practice and continuing this practice. The leader can engage the both internal and external stakeholders (health care agencies) to achieve a successful change. For internal stakeholders the leader can arrange educational programs and enhance the members to take inventiveness in attending educational sessions. Also leaders can monitor for practice the change for achievement. Likewise leaders can arrange the training session for external stakeholders to investigate the benefits of change Evaluation Evaluation has a pivotal role in motivating and planning change (Petro-Nustas, 1996). A comprehensive evaluation is required to generate options and solutions. It not only gives guidance for institutional problem solving but also provides a foundation for judging whether decisions either to terminate or institutionalize special projects were made on justifiable grounds. According to Senior and Fleming (2006, p.108) the evaluation phase of the change process allows choices in a decision area. Execution of a new change has substantial effects on the practice patterns of the health care providers. Hence, there is always a requirement to audit the current state for converting the change into best practice. Cummings and Worley (2006, p. 663) defined that evaluation feedback is the information about the overall effects of a change program. Feedback is considerable for evaluation since information will be gathered from health care personals and patients by conducting interviews and group deliberations using questionnaires. Factual data collected from patients and nurses’ feedback will help in appraising the effectiveness of the proposed change. Panel and group discussions will also aid in reviewing the identified change. Moreover, clinical assessments can be performed by observing clinical practice in action to find out whether the educational curriculums assisted in improving the quality of care. The use of all these evaluation strategies can be helpful in predicting the success rate of the identified change. Conclusion To sum up, nosocomial infections are the major risk of patients in intensive care unit introduction of alcohol based hand rub reduces the nosocomial infection and improves the quality of care of the critically ill patients in the intensive care unit. Moreover, appropriate leadership styles, theories, qualities, values, beliefs and vision are help to achieve an effective leadership. On top of it, partnership working that includes role of internal and external stake holders plays an imperative role in the implementation of an identified change to attain a successful implemented change. However, there are some barriers and factors can affect the implementation of proposed change. Lewin’s theory helps to overcome these barriers and factors before the implementation of an intended change. Further evaluation can be done with clinical visit or analyzing feedback reports regarding the experience with alcohol hand rub and its effects in reducing nosocomial infection. By running through all these steps health care professionals will be able to gain specialized knowledge and the change would be implemented prosperously. Wordcount:3000 Reference list Brown , S.M., Lubimova, A.V., Khrustalyeva, N.M., Shulaeva, S.V., Tekhova, I., Zueva,L.P., Goldmann, D., O’Rourke, E.J. (2003) Use of an alcohol-based hand rub and quality improvement interventions to improve hand hygiene in a Russian neonatal intensive care unit. Infection Control Hospital Epidemiology, 24 (3), p. 172 -179. Uchicago [Online]. Available at: http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdf/10.1086/502186 [Accessed on: 24 April 2011]. Carroll, J. S. and Edmondson, A.C.(2002) Leading organizational learning in health care, Quality and Safety Health Care, 11(10), p. 51-56.Science direct [Online].Available at: http://ejournals.ebsco.com/Direct.asp?AccessToken=9I5IXI58X9EZK55EPKZXEJXM5PJ48QI1M1Show=Object [Accessed on: 24 April 2011]. 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(1999) A knowledge-based SWOT-analysis system as an instrument for strategic planning in small and medium sized enterprises. Journal of decision support systems, 26, p. 125-135. [Online] Available at:http://www.cuaed.unam.mx/puel_cursos/cursos/d_gcfe_m_dos/modulo/modulo_2/m2-10.pdf Huber, D. (2006) leadership and nursing care management. 3 rd ed. United States of America: Elsevier Health Sciences Publishers. Kaier, K., Hagist, C., Frank, U., Conrad, A., Meyer, E. (2009) Two Time-Series Analyses of the Impact of Antibiotic Consumption and Alcohol-Based Hand Disinfection on the Incidences of Nosocomial Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection and Clostridium difficile Infection. Infection control and hospital epidemiology, 30(4), p. 346-353. Uchicago [Online]. Available at: http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdf/10.1086/596605 [Accessed on: 24 April 2011]. Kassean, H. K. and Jagoo, Z. B. (2005) Managing change in the nursing handover from traditional to bedside handover- a case study from Mauritius. Journal of BMC nursing. 4 (1), p.1-6. [Online] Available at: http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1472-6955-4-1.pdf [Accessed on: 24 April 2011]. Koch, R. (2007) Public governance and leadership: political and managerial problems in making public governance changes the driver for re-constituting leadership. Germany: DUV Publishers. Lammon, C. A.B., Stanton, M.P and Blakney, J. L. (2010) Innovative partnerships: the clinical nurse leader role in diverse clinical settings. Journal of Professional Nursing, 26 (5), p. 258-263. ScienceDirect [Online]. Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg_imagekey=B6WKV512TVRB63_cdi=6916_user=7225030_pii=S8755722310000633_origin=search_zone=rslt_list_item_coverDate=10%2F31%2F2010_sk=999739994wchp=dGLbVtzzSkzVmd5=e153850566f3181b8e596ae930b1a39aie=/sdarticle.pdf [Accessed on: 24 April 2011]. Mody, L., McNeil, S.A., Sun, R., Bradley, S. F and Kauffman, C. A. (2003) Introduction of a waterless alcohol-based hand rub in a long-term–care facility. Infection control and hospital epidemiology, 24 (3), p. 160-170. Uchicago [Online]. Available at http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdf/10.1086/502596 [Accessed on: 24 April 2011]. Nazarko, L. (2007) Developing leadership skills: Managing and leading. Nursing Residential Care, 9 (1), p. 34-36. Internurse [Online]. Available at: https://www.internurse.com/cgibin/go.pl/library/article.cgi?uid=22579;article=NRC_9_1_34_36 [Accessed on: 24 April 2011]. Neuhause, D. (2003) Florence Nightingale gets no respect: as a statistician that is. Quality and Safety Health Care, 12 (4), p: 317. BMJ [Online]. Available at: http://qualitysafety.bmj.com/content/12/4/317.ful [Accessed on: 24 April 2011]. Petro-Nustas, W. (1996) Evaluation of the process of in traducing a quality development program in a nursing department at a teaching hospital: the role of a change agent. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 33 (6), p. 60-618. SienceDirect [Online]. Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg_imagekey=B6T7T-3W2V3NR31_cdi=5067_user=7225030_pii=S002074899600020X_origin=search_zone=rslt_list_item_coverDate=12%2F31%2F1996_sk=999669993wchp=dGLbVzz-zSkzVmd5=06458c75d76f78efb6918dc60b30741aie=/sdarticle.pdf [Accessed on: 24 April 2011]. Rigolosi, E.L. (2005) Management and leadership in nursing and health care: an experiential approach. 2nd ed. USA.Springer Publishing Company. Samuel , R.,Almedom, A.M., Hagos, G. , Albin, S. and Mutungi, A. (2005) Promotion of hand washing as a measure of quality of care and prevention of hospital- acquired infections in Eritrea: the Keren study. African Health Sciences, 5(1), p. 4-13. NCBI [Online]. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1831903/pdf/AFHS05010004.pdf?tool=pmcentrez[Accessed on: 24 April 2011]. Senior, B. and Fleming, J. (2006) Organizational change. 3rd ed. Harlow: Financial Time Prentice Hall. Sylvie, G., Wicks, J. L., Hollifield, C. A., Lacy, S. and Sohn, A.B. (2007) Media Management: A Casebook Approach. 4 th ed. United States of America: Taylor and Francis Publishers. Sims, J.M. (2009) Styles and Qualities of Effective Leaders. Dimensions of critical care nursing, 28(6), p.272-274.NCBI [Online]. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19855205 [Accessed on: 24 April 2011]. Stanley, D. (2006) Recognizing and defining clinical nurse leaders. British Journal of Nursing, 15 (2), p. 108-111. Internurse [Online]. Available at: https://www.internurse.com/cgibin/go.pl/library/article.cgi?uid=20373;article=BJN_15_2_108_111 [Accessed on: 24 April 2011]. Vesterinen, S., Isola, A. and Paasivaara, L. (2009) Leadership styles of Finnish nurse managers and factors influencing it. Journal of Nursing Management, 17(5), p. 503-509. EBSCOhost [Online]. Available at: http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=1hid=111sid=9ef25987-cd49-41b2-a417-32c14e3dd849%40sessionmgr115 [Accessed on: 24 April 2011]. Wright, S.G. (1989) Changing Nursing Practice. 2nd ed. Arnold. Zilembo, M. and Monterosso, L. (2008) Nursing students and perceptions of desirable leadership qualities in nurse preceptors: A descriptive survey. Contemporary Nurse, 27(2), p.194-206. EBSCOhost [Online]. Available at: http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=1hid=110sid=f709ed50d801-433b-9d53-51876f1f048f%40sessionmgr110 [Accessed on: 24 April 2011]. How to cite Leadership and professional issues, Essay examples Leadership and Professional Issues Free Essays Introduction Modern leaders are faced with a situation in which change is the only constant on which they can rely. The difficulty is to decide what these will be, and it can be argued that it is only by planning that the nature of the changes taking place can be fully charted and understood. In fact managers take into account possible changes in deciding a course of action, in the form of contingency plans. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership and Professional Issues or any similar topic only for you Order Now Change Management is the effective tool to helps the leaders and managers in these issues.It is the process of preparing, positioning, leading and governing the energies of organization members and of expending all organizational possessions to attain stated organizational objectives. In the settings in which the managers and leaders work, change is the usual direction of effects and the most significant management ability in the organization of change. Health care organizations will have objectives. They have a purpose of being in existence and continuing their work for ensuring high quality service to the residents. For that an effective leadership is very imperative Leadership is the process of inspiring other persons to perform in specific ways in order to attain precise objectives. Good leadership can result in victory, poor leadership can result in let-down, and this can be delivered by one person or by a team of people. An important part of the management part is to provide leadership of one type or another, because leadership is about providing course for an organization, creating decision on the approaches and procedures to attain organizational aims and serving to launch the style and philosophy of an organization. The word leader derives from words meaning a path or road and suggests the importance of guidance on a journey. Both the word itself and the role of leader are looking advancing, classifying the way ahead or steering others towards agreed objectives. The main features in attaining outcomes in an establishment is to be contingent on the self-concept and standards of the staffs, their principles, insolences, spirits, performance, and the specific results of the variations they look for. These depend on many chief influences such as management,motivation and more considerable subordinate rudiments. Rosewood in a health care organisation, providing caring for elderly, where there are thirty eight employees and more than seventy two inhabitants. This is located in the western parts of England where I work at present. Here in this health care organization it has been found that the changes should be made through in the staffs’ training and motivation, or classes given to the employees as there is a visible failure in the jobs allocated to each and every staffs, whether new or experienced. . I have done a serious exploration on the full realities and particular findings, and have selected a change theory with clear endorsements. The resolution of this essay is to put some sunlit on the causes and circumstances why strategic change ingenuities based on new community management is mistaken. The essentiality for health care organisations to continually acclimatise and change in order to realize viable success has now developed as part of conventional organizational thinking. The policy fluctuations and improvements disturbing health care have subsidized to a state where organisational change is a long-term feature of lifetime in health care subdivisions Although leadership is most obviously seen at times of high drama, it can ascend in all sort of situations when a person takes responsibility and chooses what to do later. It can be contended that people can display qualities of leadership in a variety of situations. These qualities are usually to be seen in the taking of decisions and sharing to the followers in such a way that deed is taken. In this case I thought of assuming myself to be the leader and adopt an affiliative leadership style and strategies for implementing the change. The affiliative style revolves around people to create coordination and keep the care givers and other employees happy .The objective is to create strong loyalty, improve communications and the sharing of ideas and initiatives. This style allows for innovation and risk-taking and liberty for people to carry out their jobs in the way they think is most effective, but only bounding to the rules and regulations of the organization. This style provides strong positive feedbacks and is highly motivating. As in the issue this organisation is pertaining to the encouragement of the employees this style of approach is particularly effective for team building and creating emotional links between team members by showing an interest in their personal lives and praising people at every opportunity. On the other hand, focus on it may mean that poor performance is tolerated and others may feel that they do not have a guiding sense of direction. If it is linked to an authoritative style this to ov ercome these demerits, only when the situation demands. Health care organizations and its working is multifaceted, with high levels of concentration that are determined perhaps unavoidably by the complexity of human body, the mind and the societal world in which we are living. The complication and shattering of health care make harmonization remarkably problematic. Then ascends the delinquency of excellence of facilities distributed to the residents and the to the person it selves. However the harmonization difficulties have seemed to have become inferior rather than improved over the years. These might be the explanations which signs to the dropping excellence of work and the performance of support workers. There is a need for reengineering in the areas of staff interviews, job allocation and motivation, which will in fact be a planned answer to change where some disagreement can be predictable. New objectives and variations which are to be made should inject the stimulus of motivation, productivity and standardisation. The method of reengineering will include the inside and outside valuation of various factors, visioning, scheduling, testing and obviously should start from the nick. The organization and restoration team can assist in this alteration process by showing their obligation to the innovative procedure and by representing that is extremely valued by the organisation. Here it is essential that the organization and employee must become acquainted to the degree of the change and not descended to the new process. Any opposition on the changes can be minimized by enduring message, staff participation and good instruction about change and how to deal with. All leaders have to act, they have to perform and show results. There may be many ways of doing this, but it can be argued that actions speak louder than words. When change has become necessary in Rosewood, the hardest problem is to persuade people (all employees) to agree on the causes of difficulties. One way of doing this may be to emphasise the faults occurred, an inspirational speech and try to cajole people to improve. The most effective managers today rely on expert, referent and connection power than on coercive, legitimate reward or information power. Leaders are now tend to use personal power rather than positional power as management structures have become flatter and management practice more open. Information is now more widely shared and management is seen as a form of partnership in order to achieve agreed objectives. The process of achieving behavioural and attitudinal change involves unfreezing the situation, changing it and then refreezing it into the new mould. This ideal was developed by Lewin in the year 1959,and is known to be Lewin’s three step model. This process requires a high level of communication and consultation in order to convince people that the changes are necessary. All members including the leader should identify the need of the change and the fault in the present system. The period of change is often associated with analysis of the present situation and why anew one needs to be developed. A change agent can be involved at this stage, which may be an organisational development specialist who performs a systematic diagnosis of the organisation and identifies work related problems. The role of this person is to gather and analyse information through personal interviews, surveys and by detecting meetings. The change agent may be an outsider who comes in as a consultant, b ut as I don’t feel the importance of such an outsider, the organizational unit within Rosewood can perform this task. Training is the most frequently used technique to bring about change. Here the whole organisation should be involved because this was an attempt to change behaviour and not simply skills. Team building can enhance the cohesiveness of both the health care units and whole organisation. Communication can be improved between various parts of organisation, specifically between heath care management and workers, and regarding strategic plans and their implementation. Understanding the reasons for changes in working practice and values can help employees come to terms with the changes. Consultation about the changes and their implementation can help both managers and other employees to understand and acquire ownership of the changes, particularly when they are as deep routed as values and practice. Survey actions can be applied in order to encourage consultation and feedback. A questionnaire can be distributed to the health care workers on such matters as working practice, values and organ isational culture. After the survey is completed, an organisational development consultant can meet with groups of employees to provide result about their response and the problems that have been identified and to discuss the way forward. As an on-going process the survey feedback action technique can used for upward feedback by which managers assess the deputy to whom they report. The leader completes a questionnaire and the overall results are then discussed by the Organisational development specialist with the top management. A meeting is charged by the organisational development specialist with the top management and the leader in order for them to express their views about their boss. This process can produce surprise for top management about how they are viewed by the people who work directly for them. This process of reverse appraisal can be applied throughout the organisation, starting at the top and working down to self-managed teams. In today’s quality oriented and fast working environments, leaders need to update their diagnosis of the situation on a continual basis ,rather than only when only major change is taking palce.It does, of course, have particular importance at sensitive times ,such as, w hen rapid expansion is taking place. The leaders and the care workers or employers are dedicated to upholding the occupant’s right of independence, and advance their excellence of life by provided that high standards of care is given to the.. For this the leader is gratified first to advance the awareness of the workers, to see that they are properly vested to provide the best that the organization expects from them. It is also vital to progress the confidence or morale of the employees in order to get the class work done by them. Morale is a state of mind built mostly on the perception of employees to their work, their managers, their peers, and their leaders. Every organisational environment or culture is uniquely different and the Visionary Motivator, who is the Leader here, must adapt a little to the culture if they want to be successful. In a health organisation the motivator will probably have to down play the overly passionate part of their nature. In some way they may need to appear like the tenacious implementer but perhaps with more outwardly expressed drive, dedication and conscientiousness. There are two key things for the visionary motivator or the leader to hold in mechanist settings. The first is to ensure that the vision is firmly connected into the strategies, objectives and project plans. There is no rooms for an airy fairy vision that is disconnected from the everyday workings of the health care organisation. Secondly, their motivational techniques must be elegant and attuned to the mechanist culture. Exaggerated positivism is unlikely to succeed, there as motivational strategies tied into the system and structure of the organisation will be welcomed. Reward systems performance coaching and performance management would be typical techniques within the culture. One the attributes of the visionary motivator is the ability to turn problems into opportunities, reframe events positively and see the right side of life. So, in an adaptive culture where the organisation needs to have the capability to react effectively and proactively to changes they are a great asset. When looking at SWOT analysis the visionary motivator will be able to see away of exploiting the organisational strengths and environmental opportunities and way to a mitigate the organisational weaknesses and environmental threats. They will be able to reframe things positively, whatever is on the horizon, and they will help people understand the consequence of change. Theis analysis proves best when the members let their opinions to hover easily and a reminder is completed of whatever and everything that comes in mind. When seeing the condition, no problem how odd it may appear. Recruitment should involve the examination for filling the vacancy, consideration of the source of suitable candidates, drafting job advertisements and selecting media suitable to carry them, assessing appropriate salary levels for new employees, and arranging interviews and other aspects of selections, which is the second stage in the process of recruitment. Selection requires the assessment of candidates by various means and the choice of successful candidate. External recruitment may be expensive as it involves advertising, agency fees, distribution of application forms, preparation of short lists, writing for reference, interviewing and other related expenses. The changing stage happens when people begin to test with new performance and learn new skills in the work force. This procedure is measured by the interference of structural growth expert and others, with exact plan for training and development of managers and employees. Training programmes will highlight the new values and approach, such as customer first programmes, quality developments and investors in people. Team building is encouraged, consultation on health work practice and symbolic leadership activities introduced. The rejection of change may be particularly vehement at the beginning of the stage, followed later by acceptance. Gradually, the people who have most strongly rejected the change may be the ones who most wholeheartedly come to accept them. The refreezing stage occurs when individuals acquire the new attitudes, values and behaviours and are rewarded for them by the organisation. The organisational development specialist will improve help for everybody to change and an increasing number of people will look for help to adjust to the new values and approaches. The impact of new behaviours will be evaluated and reinforced. The reinforcement will be through training programmes, team meetings and the reward system. The organisational development process suggests techniques which leaders should apply continuously in organisation so that change is the accept norm rather than the occasional and rare phenomenon. In this sense the use of terms such as unfreezing and refreezing suggests an end to the process before it starts again. In the altering of attitudes and behaviour it can be argues that in fact this is what often happens. While strategic change can be incremental, a step at a time it is not always like this. The theory is that the managers sense the changes required in the environment in which there organisations are working the gradually adapt to these changes through adjustments to the strategic plan and its implementation. By way of many features of organization there are no modest answers or correct retorts. The range of hypothetical and unbending works is perhaps best stared as a collection of capitals that covers a range of valuable material which will be appropriate at dissimilar peri ods and in different settings reliant on the nature and the background of alteration. Structural change management receipts into discussion both the events and getups that managers use to sort changes at a physical level. Most institutions want change to be practical with the smallest fight and with the most real consequence as possible. For this to happen, change must be practical with an organized approach so that change from one type of behaviour to another organization wide will be smooth. Reference Rigolosi,E.L.M.(2005) Management Leadership in Nursing Health Care:An Experiment al Approach ,p 6 ,UK:Springer publishing company. Buytendijk,F.(2009) Performance Leadership,p 18,USA:MCGraw Hill International. Scrivens,E.(2005) Quality,Risk Control in Health Care, p 20,England:Open University Press. Hannagan,T.(2005) Management Concepts and Practises, pp 20-33,Great Britain:Pitman Publishing. Baggott,R.(1994) Health Health Care in Britain,p 120Great BritainThe MacMillan Press. Cameron,G.,Green,M.(2008) Making Sense of Leadership ,p 60, Great Britain:Kogan Page Ltd. Binny,G.,Wilke,G.,Williams,C.(2005) Living Leadership,p 133,Englnd:Pearson education Ltd. Carnall,C.(1990) Managing Change in Organisations ,pp187-190 ,England:Pearson education Ltd. Hewison,A.(2004) Management for Nurses nad Health Professionals,pp76-79,Oxford:Blackwell. Rieley,B.J.(2006) THE Telegraph Business Head Leadership,p163,London:Hodder Education Axena,P.K.,Bennies,W.(2007) Principle of management A modern approach ,p 88 Newdelhi :Global India publication . Welner,A.,Roneh, J. (2003) Culture change in long term care, p 101, Newyork ;USA; Routledge Sinclair-Hunt,M.,Simms,H.(2005)Organisational Behaviour Change Mnagement,p 5 www.select-knowlege.com How to cite Leadership and Professional Issues, Essay examples

Method Efficiently Manga Complex Payloads -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Method Efficiently Manga Complex Payloads? Answer: Introduction This report consists of detail of Point of sale (PoS). Moreover, it could be defined as point of service as it not only deals with sales but with customer returns and new orders. This report is accompanied with the several points such as Point of sales, types of risks, security issues in IT systems, types of telecommunication network and technology. Point of sale (PoS) also stated as point of service as it not only deals with sales but with customer returns and new orders. Industries are gradually adopting POS system as it has eliminated the need of tracking sales manually. Its the central component of businesses for instance it allows merchants to simplify day-to-day business operations. Advantages of POS system It saves time as possessions can be done automatically instead of doing manual operations so it reduces human errors in the long stretch. Deployment of system is easy it also increases the efficiency of the system and reduces data duplications. POS system helps to manage and keep track of all inventories in real time consequently reducing paper work by automatically generation reports. It monitors sales record and shows the alert about daily transactions or when stock is running low which helps to plan new strategies for growth. It is flexible for customers as Customer Relationship Management (CRM) provides ease to trail the record of single or multiple customers and look up past transactions. POS system offers customers more detailed receipts at time of purchase. It saves money as repair and maintenance costs are much lower compared to the old system. It reduces the labour as the accounting processes is simplified and does not require accountant to maintain transactions. It enhanced the ordering system so that customers never run out with hottest deals, this is more comfortable than old fashioned system. POS is more sophisticated and accurate method for providing service. Disadvantages of POS system Via POS system one is completely relying on the software that runs on the network thus software need to be updated on a regular basis. It also requires maintenance fees additional to initial setup. Security risks are high in POS system if the system is not updated on time or updated incorrectly, security fissures can occur. Web based POS system entirely count on reliable internet connection and ISP, if in case there is an internet outage access to system is impossible. Hardware failures are difficult to fix as well as it is time consuming troubleshooting the hardware defect. Competitive advantage is a unique advantage that company has which allows it to gain higher sales volume and fascinating more customers. POS system helps the business to advance competitive advantages by providing customer satisfaction and it differentiates the business from other competitors in market that are offering the same services or goods. It provides detailed reports about what products are lagging in sales so that one can implement innovative marketing strategies to lift sales in the market (Manwani, 2010). It generates deals report on timely basis so that decisions can be taken faster for customer service and transactions are also processed more rapidly hence customers dont need to wait for a long time like others. With the fast growing technologies where everyone expect quick response, POS offers online payment experience to customer for better shopping experience and exceeds customers expectations by central CRM which allows two way communication from anywhere, anytime. POS segregates business from other competitive business by becoming more dynamic and responds to requests and opportunities with excessive efficiency and speed. If in case one tries to expand the business in future POS offers lower upfront cost (B2C, 2018). As per the case study, Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery by using POS, eliminated tracking sales manually and allowed owners to track the sales data instantly at the time of the sale, reduced labour expenses and gained popularity in competitive world with excessive efficiency. Centralized database system is a collection of all logically related databases at one single location. Centralized database is used to improve the performance and processing efficiency of data. Advantages of Centralized database (Retail Tech Inc., 2018) : Data Security: Data assets of an organization are kept confidential and integrated and made available only to authenticated user who has appropriate access of control. It also resolves the problem of data replication. Data Sharing: Data can be shared to multiple sites easily as data is not scattered at multiple locations. Data Recovery: In case of server failure, data can be recovered as backups are done on regular basis. The backup of main (only) server is maintained but in case of failure of backup it creates problem. Data Integrity: As the data is stored at sole location no piece of data is repeated and when the change is necessary, data need to be looked and updated at one place. Reduces costs: Centralized database cuts overall cost as maintenance of single server is less costly than maintenance of multiple servers. Similarly, decreases overall space requirements for data storage. Reliable: Centralized database facilities higher quality which is significantly more consistent than local storage. Centralized databases are easier to maintain, manage and offer high degree of control. Data is independent from any application and can be used from anywhere, anytime. Writing new application is easy as data is not scattered at different places hence it can be retrieved instantly and can be accessed from anywhere in the world. Information can be tracked manually but it is very time consuming and complex process. Tracking the information manually decreases the efficiency as transactions are not updated instantly and number of accountants need to hired and checking the past transaction manually is a difficult job (Armentrout, Hargett and Maximilien, 2011). Automation of sales reporting helps in analysing the scenario deeply and taking resolution accordingly. POS system provides proper alerts when the availability of a product is low, service which is in demand which keeps in decision making for the betterment of an organization (SolutionDots, 2014). Therefore, using POS system is very effective for business activities it reduces paper work, saves time and efforts, makes better customer relations, tracks and manages the system within minutes. POS system require telecommunication network for exchange of information between communicating parties. For transmission of messages, signals or information we need links. Some telecommunication networks that can be used with POS system are: LAN (Local Area Network) - It is a group of computers of same organization and is linked within a same network area. Data transferring speed is around 10Mbps. It can reach around 1000 users. Data transferring speed is around 10Mbps. It can reach around 1000 users. These are managed, owned, and controlled by a single organization. WAN (Wide Area Network) This connects several LANs to one other through a network. Data transferring speed is depends upon the cost of connection which depends on the distance of router. These are owned, managed, and controlled by distributed ownership. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) It connects all the nearby LANs to one other and operates at high speed. It only lets two nodes communicate at a time. These are operated managed, and controlled by government bodies. Telecommunication technologies comprises of wired and wireless technology. Wired technology is the communication between devices by cables where communication in wireless technology is done without cables, transmission occurs over radio waves. Advantage of over wireless network is mobility and freedom to move and work but it comprises in terms of speed and security of data. Wired networks are difficult to install and increasing copper thefts have also supported the use of wireless network (Lifewire, 2018). Though the cost of transmission is high in wireless network but it covers more area for communication. Wireless systems are comparatively maintenance-free as they are easily maintained compared to wired network which require replacement of entire cable wires. POS need to be secured as it stores all the important information related to card numbers, email address private data of an individual. As POS technology is flexible which allows running on any OS such as Windows, Linux, or Unix thats why flaws can be easily inherited. System offer various risks like third party gains access to information by hacking of data, create bombing and using confidential information of users (Gomzin, 2014). Risk management is a process which allows user to take imperative decisions to avoid possible threats. This can be done by applying reasonable controls like Privacy is required to be kept in the collected data (confidential). Therefore, it should be decided who can read, write or modify the data and assures that personal information are processed fairly. Like logging the information should be secured, while scanning credit cards the data should be reserved and properly decided what information can go where. Security of information is very essential part for keeping the information safe in business organization. Organization relies on the data preserved online. It involves protecting the data and keeping the information confidential, available and integrated by properly encrypting the data and ensuring that users are authenticated. Confidentiality is preventing use of data from unauthorised user. In IT word, there are several vulnerable threats which can cause serious damage or significant loss of information as unauthorized user tries to gather information which can be misused and leads to business disruption. Recommendations In todays era, for better growth and development individual should be updated to latest tools and technologies so that they can grow their business rapidly and provide flexibility to customers. Conclusion IT has transformed the method companies are using to conduct business. Using automated and updated technologies has provided great enhancement in companies growth. It has allowed firms to increase their efficiency and effectiveness. References Armentrout, G.H., Do, P.K., Hargett Jr, B.R. and Maximilien, E.M., 2011, Method for more efficiently managing complex payloads in a point of sale system. U.S. Patent. B2C, 2018 , The Importance of Information Technology In Business Today,viewed 24 January,https://www.business2community.com/tech-gadgets/importance-information-technology-business-today-01393380. Gomzin, S 2014, Hacking Point of Sale: Payment Application Secrets, Threats, and Solutions, John Wiley Sons. Lifewire, 2018, Kinds of Area Networks, viewed 24 January, https://www.lifewire.com/lans-wans-and-other-area-networks-817376. Manwani, S 2010, IT-Enabled Buisness Change, BCS Learning Development Limited. Retail Tech Inc., 2018, Benefits of Using a Point of Sale (POS) System, viewed 24 January, https://retailtechinc.com/techtopicks/top-10-benefits-of-using-a-point-of-sale-pos-system/. SolutionDots, 2014 , Top 25 Advantages of Point of Sale System ,viewed 24 January, https://solutiondots.com/blog/point-of-sale-system.html. Szell, M., Lambiotte, R. and Thurner, S., 2010. Multirelational organization of large-scale social networks in an online world.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,107(31), pp.13636-

Midsummer Nights Dream Essays (992 words) - Operas,

Midsummer Night's Dream Does Shakespeare make any serious points in ?A midsummer night's dream', or is it just a comedy? Shakespeare's play, ?A midsummer night's dream' is a comedy which also deals with some serious issues. The play was written in Shakespearean times as a comedy. The play was written to entertain two very different groups of people. The upper class, and the lower class citizens, Two different levels of theater had to be written to entertain them both. An entertaining and comical part, for both groups, would have been the use of fairies and mystical magic in the play. In those days most grown adults were very superstitious and believed in such things. The fairies and magic brought comedy to the play because, although the people were superstitious, they also knew the spirit characters in the play were fanciful and fictional. Shakespeare used these characters to bring mischief to the story which caused many of the comical incidents that happened through the play. The most mischievous and there for the most comical and entertaining spirit was Oberon's servant Puck. Puck was quick tongued and meddling. He was also quite famous for being so. Puck created a great deal of trouble when, trying to follow Oberon's orders, he mistakes Lysander for Demetrius. It is comical that this simple mistake, which was hardly his fault, causes such a mess of all the relationships in the play. "What hast thou done? Thou hast mistaken quite. And laid the love juice on some true love's sight." Oberon An event in the play, which was written as comedy appealing to the lower class, was the happenings which lead the fairy queen, Titania, to fall in love with a man that has been enchanted and looks all the world like an ass. Oberon drops love potion into Titania's eyes which makes her fall for a man that Puck has prepared. "My mistress with a monster is in love" "When in that moment it came to pass, Titania waked and straightway loved an ass" Act 3, scene 2. The scene where the fairy queen takes the ass to bed is most entertaining to the lower class because they were a little less educated and most of the clever humor went straight over their heads. It was also comical because the ass was so ugly and the queen was so beautiful, and as everyone knows, only the charming, handsome men get the beautiful women. "My Oberon! What visions have I seen! Methought I was enamoured of an ass!" Titania. The man didn't realize that the queen was charmed, and was vain enough to believe all the wonderful things she said about him. This was funny because everyone always like to have a laugh at people who think so highly of themselves. In the play there are a group of actors that greatly contribute to the comedy of this play. We laugh at things that appear hopeless. And these poor town's folk come actors, are just that. One of the actors is shy, the other is a man trying to play a woman and another is a hopeless over actor who wants to steal the spot light. They all make fools of them selves in order to impress Theseus and his court at his wedding banquet. The over simplicity of their production makes to be very entertaining. Despite the humor in ?A midsummer night's dream', Shakespeare also deals with many serious issues in this play. One of these is that love is blind. This is evident in many of the relationships between the characters in the play. Both Hermia and Helena fall in love blindly, that is that they fall in love with the least logical person. Hermia is in love with Lysander despite the fact that her father would rather her die than to marry him. It would be most logical for her to love Demetrius and live happily ever after, but that is rarely the way love goes. Helena fell in love with Demetruis who was so in love with Hermia, he barely even noticed that Helena existed. If it wasn't for the magical happening in the forest that night, it would have been unlikely that these characters would have ended up as happy as they did. "hings base and vile, holding no quantity, Love can transpose to form and dignity. Love looks not with the eyes but with the mind; And therefore is winged Cupid painted blind." Helena, Act 1, scene 1 A instance in Shakespeare's play where the theme ?love

Defining and Implementing Interfaces in Delphi

Defining and Implementing Interfaces in Delphi In Delphi, interface has two distinct meanings. In OOP jargon, you can think of an interface as a class with no implementation. In Delphi unit definition interface section is used to declare any public sections of code that appear in a unit. This article will explain interfaces from an OOP perspective. If you are up to creating a rock-solid application in a way that your code is maintainable, reusable, and flexible the OOP nature of Delphi will help you drive the first 70% of your route. Defining interfaces and implementing them will help with the remaining 30%. Abstract Classes You can think of an interface as an abstract class with all the implementation stripped out and everything that is not public removed. An abstract class in Delphi is a class that cannot be instantiated- you cannot create an object from a class marked as abstract. Lets take a look at an example interface declaration: typeIConfigChanged interface[{0D57624C-CDDE-458B-A36C-436AE465B477}]procedure ApplyConfigChange;end; The IConfigChanged is an interface. An interface is defined much like a class, the keyword interface is used instead of class. The Guid value that follows the interface keyword is used by the compiler to uniquely identify the interface. To generate a new GUID value, just press CtrlShiftG in the Delphi IDE. Each interface you define needs a unique Guid value. An interface in OOP defines an abstraction- a template for an actual class that will implement the interface- that will implement the methods defined by the interface. An interface does not actually do anything, it only has a signature for interaction with other (implementing) classes or interfaces. The implementation of the methods (functions, procedures, and property Get/Set methods) is done in the class that implements the interface. In the interface definition, there are no scope sections (private, public, published, etc.) everything is public. An interface type can define functions, procedures (that will eventually become methods of the class that implements the interface) and properties. When an interface defines a property it must define the get/set methods - interfaces cannot define variables. As with classes, an interface can inherit from other interfaces. typeIConfigChangedMore interface(IConfigChanged)procedure ApplyMoreChanges;end; Programming Most Delphi developers when they think of interfaces they think of COM programming. However, interfaces are just an OOP feature of the language- they are not tied to COM specifically. Interfaces can be defined and implemented in a Delphi application without touching COM at all. Implementation To implement an interface you need to add the name of the interface to the class statement, as in: typeTMainForm class(TForm, IConfigChanged)publicprocedure ApplyConfigChange;end; In the above code a Delphi form named MainForm implements the IConfigChanged interface. Warning: when a class implements an interface it must implement all its methods and properties. If you fail/forget to implement a method (for example: ApplyConfigChange) a compile time error E2003 Undeclared identifier: ApplyConfigChange will occur.Warning: if you try to specify the interface without the GUID value you will receive: E2086 Type IConfigChanged is not yet completely defined. Example Consider an MDI application where several forms can be displayed to the user at one time. When the user changes the application configuration, most forms need to update their display- show/hide some buttons, update label captions, etc. You would need a simple way to notify all open forms that a change in the application configuration has happened. The ideal tool for the job was an interface. Every form that needs to be updated when the configuration changes will implement IConfigChanged. Since the configuration screen in displayed modally, when it closes the next code ensures all IConfigChanged implementing forms are notified and ApplyConfigChange is called: procedure DoConfigChange() ;varcnt : integer;icc : IConfigChanged;beginfor cnt : 0 to -1 Screen.FormCount dobeginif Supports(Screen.Forms[cnt], IConfigChanged, icc) thenicc.ApplyConfigChange;end;end; The Supports function (defined in Sysutils.pas) indicates whether a given object or interface supports a specified interface. The code iterates through the Screen.Forms collection (of the TScreen object)- all the forms currently displayed in the application. If a form Screen.Forms[cnt] supports the interface, Supports returns the interface for the last parameter parameter and returns true. Therefore, if the form implements the IConfigChanged, the icc variable can be used to call the methods of the interface as implemented by the form. Note, of course, that every form can have its own different implementation of the ApplyConfigChange procedure. Ancestors Any class you define in Delphi needs to have an ancestor. TObject is the ultimate ancestor of all objects and components. The above idea applies to interfaces also, the IInterface is the base class for all interfaces. IInterface defines 3 methods: QueryInterface, _AddRef and _Release. This means that our IConfigChanged also has those 3 methods, but we have not implemented those. This is because TForm inherits from TComponent that already implements the IInterface for you! When you want to implement an interface in a class that inherits from TObject, make sure your class inherits from TInterfacedObject instead. Since TInterfacedObject is a TObject implementing IInterface. For example: TMyClass class(TInterfacedObject, IConfigChanged)procedure ApplyConfigChange;end; In conclusion, IUnknown IInterface. IUnknown is for COM.

Nickel and Dimed by Barbara Ehrenreich Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Nickel and Dimed by Barbara Ehrenreich - Essay Example From the discussion it is clear that  today, the market may be thought to be saturated. Generally social constructs are the views that people have on us, and how people describe us. The idea behind social cosntructionism is that people hear or experience these views over and over, and this makes them believe these views or have a picture that depicts these stories as being true. A million man march reflects that what the people march for is not well known by majority of the people in the march but he people seek to change this situation using their own social construction that reflect whom they really are.  As the study highlights that  the book Nickel and dimed by Ehnrenreich clearly starts on a note that portrays a well defined case of critical theory concerning workers and how they are being treated as well as their working conditions. There is a great contrast between Lampham who takes the writer for a lunch for about $30 at a â€Å"country style place† the writer an d Lampham are in deep reflection of how four million women have to live on the wages that are paid to the unskilled with a salary for about $6 and $ 7 per hour, with about 4 million women who are not literate and who are in the market looking for the lowly unskilled lowly jobs to make a living or to sustain themselves.  The eschewing divisions in the society in the book Nickel and Dimed by Ehnrenreich are clear, and by large magnitude have gone deeper to portray inhuman and a cruel world where the illiterate have to endure cruel wages and mistreatment to make a living.

Summarize three articles or Web resources from the surveying bodies Term Paper

Summarize three articles or Web resources from the surveying bodies resources, from the studies in this unit, that apply to your - Term Paper Example It was reauthorized in 2009 as Children’s Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act (CHIPRA). This will run through 2013 and is expected to cover even more uninsured children. This program also is jointly undertaken by the Federal and State governments (CHIPP Policy). A health care professional needs to have a fair knowledge of these three programs to ensure that no needy individual suffers without an appropriate health insurance plan. Department of Health and Human Services. As part of public health and medical services support, the Department of Health and Human Services has guidelines for the First Response in the event of a disaster. Disaster being always a local phenomenon, the local government agency services need to be prepared to respond immediately in the event of a disaster. The state and local authorities will have to coordinate with each other in providing rescue and medical emergency services. If the disaster is beyond the State’s control, the Governor o f the State may ask for support from the Federal Government. Financial and other assistance are provided under the Robert T.Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (Stafford Act).

Summary Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Summary - Case Study Example Dr. Joan Stafford talked about some of the environmental design courses offered at Cal Poly. A video showed some examples of houses that had been designed with the environment in mind. Also, some of her own personal examples with dealing with nonprofit organizations were mentioned. Julie Phillips asked what the relationship was between the college of environmental design and the center. Dr. Joan Stafford replied that the college handled all the academic side of things, while the center was allowed to be more hands-on. 1. Know what you want from your internship (if there is no purpose or end goal in mind, then you should not be doing it). The student should know where they are going rather than their career guidance counselor. Four types of learning that you should seek: Skills (what do you want to improve?), Content Knowledge (should emerge with more knowledge in that particular field), Organizational Knowledge (how involved are you in the key decisions that the organization has to make), and Learning about Professional Life (how it feels to be working in your chosen

A Profile of United Nations Children’s Fund

A Profile of United Nations Children’s Fund United Nations Children’s Fund â€Å"We believe in a world where ZERO children die of things we can prevent.   The United Nations Children’s Fund, UNICEF, is an intergovernmental organization (IGO) that was started by the United Nations in 1946. UNICEF is non-profit and works to prevent childhood death by improving the healthcare, education, and nutrition of children around the world. They also provide emergency relief to those in need. Their reach is international and their goal is to have zero children die from preventable causes (UNICEF). On December 11, 1946 the â€Å"United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund† was started by the United Nations General Assembly. Its creation coincided with World War II in order to bring food and medical care to war-torn children in Europe, the Middle East, and China. The name was shortened to United Nations Children’s Fund in 1953 when it was made a permanent fixture of the United Nations System (UNICEF USA). Despite its name change, the fund kept the acronym UNICEF; which is still in use today. In 1965, the United Nations Children’s Fund won the Nobel Peace Prize for ‘the promotion of brotherhood among nations.† (UNICEF). In its 68 year history there have been many famous UNICEF Goodwill ambassadors including Sarah Jessica Parker, Susan Sarandon, Jackie Chan, Shakira, David Beckham, Audrey Hepburn, Danny Kaye (first celebrity ambassador), and the entire Manchester United Football Club (Borgen Project). UNICEF focuses its energy in more than 190 countries, including the United States (UNICEF). In order to conduct their humanitarian operations they have established offices worldwide. Major operations are carried out through these offices in the event of a natural disaster or emergency. Additionally, there are programs and trainings there year-round. The United States Fund for UNICEF is located in New York City, and is the main U.S. office for UNICEF. The U.S. Fund works in cooperation with the government and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to help UNICEF achieve the goal of zero preventable child fatalities (UNICEF USA). The United Nations Foundation in DC, Friends of UNFPA in New York, and the International Peace Institute in New York are other associations in the United States that help fund UNICEF projects (UNICEF). UNICEF has a number of programs to help raise funds for their causes. One of the most popular UNICEF fundraisers is Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF. Since the 1950’s over $170 million dollars has been raised by children for children through the Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF program. The premise of the program is that when kids go door to door on Halloween that instead of asking for candy, they ask for spare change to donate to UNICEF. Not only does this raise money for UNICEF to use towards helping children, but it also teaches the children doing the fundraising the value of helping others (Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF). A newer campaign that they have implemented recently is the UNICEF Tap Project. This project raises funds to give those in need clean drinking water. It works by having people stay off of their phone for as long as possible, and the longer they are off of their phone, the more money that gets donated by a 3rd party company, Giorgio Armani (UNICEF). None of the funding for UNICEF comes from the assessed dues from the United Nations; instead their donations come from individuals, NGOs, foundations, governments, and corporations (UNICEF). For the 2011-2012 Fiscal year UNICEF had a total income of $3,866 million. When broken down fifty-seven percent of donations came from the government, and 32 percent was raised by NGOs and members of the private sector. UNICEF is known for being a reputable charity that uses a majority of its income for its cause. Of the total income $3,416 million dollars went to development, $322 million went to management, $127 was for special purposes, and $2 million was for United Nations development coordination (Charity Navigator). There are a number of ways that individuals of all ages can get involved with UNICEF’s mission. Young children can help through programs like Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF (Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF). High school and college students can join clubs that are dedicated to raising money for UNICEF. Adults, with at least a bachelor’s degree and experience in certain fields, can even personally volunteer with UNICEFs missions. Another way that anyone can be involved is by monetary donations made to UNICEF or one of its funds (UNICEF USA). One of the most prevalent causes of preventative childhood death is starvation. UNICEF battles childhood hunger in many ways including giving children peanut paste and micronutrient powder. Peanut paste is a high-energy therapeutic food. It works well because it is high in calories and does not require any preparation or refrigeration. Like its name suggests the micronutrient powder contains many vitamins and minerals necessary for healthy growth and development in children. It also improves immune function and helps prevent disease (UNICEF USA). For only $10 UNICEF can distribute 321 packets of micronutrient powder. UNICEF helps infants who suffer from malnutrition by teaching mothers the benefits of breast feeding. Breast fed children are six times more likely to survive the first few months than children who are not breast fed. Also, UNICEF still helps provide food in emergencies such as natural disasters (UNICEF). Along with helping fight childhood malnutrition, UNICEF also improves children’s lives by providing healthcare, clean water, and educational supplies. More than one third of the world’s children have received a vaccination or immunization thanks to UNICEF. They have also helped 1.8 billion people have access to clean drinking water. If there are not drivable roads UNICEF will deliver supplies by bicycle, boat, and even donkey when necessary. They are well trusted and have even made cease fire agreements to get to children in war zones (UNICEF USA). In the 68 years since it was founded, UNICEF has helped save more children’s lives than any other humanitarian organization. They are extremely dedicated to helping lower child mortality rates, and have been successful so far. A number of their programs work with children from birth to help end childhood malnutrition. Their work has reached billions of people in the last seven decades and will continue to in the future. Works Cited Charity Navigator Advanced Search.Charity Navigator. UNICEF, n.d. Web. 1 May 2014. Help Children | Humanitarian Aid Emergency Relief | UNICEF USA. UNICEF USA. United States Fund for UNICEF, n.d. Web. 27 Apr. 2014. Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF. UNICEF. United Nations Childrens Fund, n.d. Web. 28 Apr. 2014. UNICEF | United Nations Childrens Fund. UNICEF. United Nations Childrens Fund, n.d. Web. 24 Apr. 2014. UNICEFs First Celebrity Ambassador, Danny Kaye The Borgen Project. The Borgen Project RSS2. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Apr. 2014.

The Roles of Negotiation in Construction Essay -- Construction Industr

The Roles of Negotiation in Construction Negotiation is a form of the decision-making process where two or more parties jointly search a space of possible solutions with the goal of reaching a consensus. In the construction industry, collaboration is an essential key for the success of projects. Since different participants from different organizations try to work together in projects, competitive stresses exist in their relationships and as a result, disputes or conflicts may inevitably occur; negotiation is preferred by project participants for the settlement of claims. Negotiation plays an important role in resolving claims, preventing disputes, and keeping a harmonious relationship between project participants. However, claims negotiations are commonly inefficient due to the diversity of intellectual background, many variables involved, complex interactions, and inadequate negotiation knowledge of project participants. Most project managers consider negotiation as the most time- and energy-consuming activity in claims management. Negotiation theories and principles To address the complex technical and human issues in negotiation, several important negotiation theories and principles have been developed, which mainly include game theory, economic theory, behavior theory, and negotiation theory. Game theory seeks to get at the essentials of decision making and the associated strategies in situations where two or more parties are interdependent, and where, therefore, the outcome of their conflict and competition must be the product of their joint requirements and the interaction of their separate choices (Bacharach ... ...on Collaborative Negotiatons for Large-Scale Infrastructure Projects- (J. of Management in Engineering/ April 2001/ 121) Pe -Mora, F., and Wang, C-Y. (1998)-Computer-supported collaborative negotiation methodology ( J. Comp. in Civ. Engrg., ASCE,12(2)) Gulliver, P. H. (1979)- Disputes and negotiation: A cross-culture perspective, (Academic, San Diego) Bacharach, S. B., and Lawler, E. J. (1981). Bargaining: Power, tactics and outcomes (Jossey-Bass, San Francisco) Young, O. R., (1975) Bargaining: Formal theories of negotiation (University of Illinois Press, Urbana, Ill) Zartman, I. W., (1977) The negotiation process: Theories and applications (Sage,London) Z. Ren, C. J. Anumba, and O. O. Ugwu. (2003)-Multiagent System for Construction Claims Negotiation ( J. Comp. in Civ. Engrg., ASCE,7(2003))